Chronic Effects of Adaptive Servo-Ventilation Therapy on Mortality and the Urgent Rehospitalization Rate in Patients Experiencing Recurrent Admissions for Heart Failure　- A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study (SAVIOR-L).

BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether the chronic use of adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) reduces all-cause mortality and the rate of urgent rehospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and Results: This multicenter prospective observational study enrolled patients hospitalized for HF in Japan between 2019 and 2020 who were treated either with or without ASV therapy. Of 845 patients, 110 (13%) received chronic ASV at hospital discharge. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and urgent rehospitalization for HF, and was observed in 272 patients over a 1-year follow-up. Following 1:3 sequential propensity score matching, 384 patients were included in the subsequent analysis. The median time to the primary outcome was significantly shorter in the ASV than in non-ASV group (19.7 vs. 34.4 weeks; P=0.013). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the all-cause mortality event-free rate between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic use of ASV did not impact all-cause mortality in patients experiencing recurrent admissions for HF.

Protocol for a prospective multicentre cohort study to address the question whether diabetes and its management is still a risk factor in fast-track joint arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative glycaemic control is important. However, the complexity of guidelines for perioperative diabetes management is complicated due to different and novel antihyperglycaemic medications, limited procedure-specific data and lack of data from implemented fast-track regimens which otherwise are known to reduce morbidity and glucose homeostasis disturbances. Consequently, outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) after surgery and the influence of perioperative diabetes management on postoperative recovery remains poorly understood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A prospective observational multicentre study involving 8 arthroplasty centres across Denmark with a documented implemented fast-track programme (median length of hospitalisation (LOS) 1 day). We will collect detailed perioperative data including preoperative haemoglobin A1c and antidiabetic treatment in 1400 unselected consecutive patients with DM undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty from September 2022 to December 2025, enrolled after consent. Follow-up duration is 90 days after surgery. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with DM with LOS >4 days and 90-day readmission rate after fast-track total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The secondary outcome is the association between perioperative diabetes treatment and LOS >2 days, 90-day readmission rate, other patient demographics and Comprehensive Complication Index for patients with DM after THA/TKA/UKA in a fast-track regimen. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study will follow the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-Good Clinical Practice guideline. Ethical approval was not necessary as this is a non-interventional observational study on current practice. The trial is registered in the Region of Southern Denmark and on ClinicalTrials.gov. The main results and all substudies of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed international medical journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05613439.

A randomized controlled trial of a postdischarge nursing intervention for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: Few randomized trials have evaluated the effect of postdischarge interventions for patients with liver cirrhosis. This study assessed the effects of a postdischarge intervention on readmissions and mortality in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial at a specialized liver unit. Adult patients admitted with complications of liver cirrhosis were eligible for inclusion. Participants were allocated 1:1 to standard follow-up or a family-focused nurse-led postdischarge intervention between December 1, 2019, and October 31, 2021. The 6-month intervention consisted of a patient pamphlet, 3 home visits, and 3 follow-up telephone calls by a specialized liver nurse. The primary outcome was the number of readmissions due to liver cirrhosis. RESULTS: Of the 110 included participants, 93% had alcohol as a primary etiology. We found no significant differences in effects in the primary outcomes such as time to first readmission, number of patients readmitted, and duration of readmissions or in the secondary outcomes like health-related quality of life and 6- and 12-month mortality. A post hoc exploratory analysis showed a significant reduction in nonattendance rates in the intervention group (RR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.54, p=0.0004) and significantly fewer participants continuing to consume alcohol in the intervention group (p=0.003). After 12 months, the total number of readmissions (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.96, p=0.02) and liver-related readmissions (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.82, p=0.003) were reduced in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: A family-focused postdischarge nursing intervention had no significant effects on any of the primary or secondary outcomes. In a post hoc exploratory analysis, we found reduced 6-month nonattendance and alcohol consumption rates, as well as reduced 12-month readmission rates in the intervention group.

Digital Health Interventions and Patient Safety in Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Over the past 2 decades, several digital technology applications have been used to improve clinical outcomes after abdominal surgery. The extent to which these telemedicine interventions are associated with improved patient safety outcomes has not been assessed in systematic and meta-analytic reviews. Objective: To estimate the implications of telemedicine interventions for complication and readmission rates in a population of patients with abdominal surgery. Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were queried to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies published from inception through February 2023 that compared perioperative telemedicine interventions with conventional care and reported at least 1 patient safety outcome. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts to exclude irrelevant studies as well as assessed the full-text articles for eligibility. After exclusions, 11 RCTs and 8 cohort studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis and 7 were included in the narrative review. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data were extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline and assessed for risk of bias by 2 reviewers. Meta-analytic estimates were obtained in random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures: Number of complications, emergency department (ED) visits, and readmissions. Results: A total of 19 studies (11 RCTs and 8 cohort studies) with 10 536 patients were included. The pooled risk ratio (RR) estimates associated with ED visits (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94) and readmissions (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.58-0.78) favored the telemedicine group. There was no significant difference in the risk of complications between patients in the telemedicine and conventional care groups (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.77-1.43). Conclusions and Relevance: Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that perioperative telehealth interventions are associated with reduced risk of readmissions and ED visits after abdominal surgery. However, the mechanisms of action for specific types of abdominal surgery are still largely unknown and warrant further research.

Perioperative Morbidity Associated with Same-day Discharge in Elderly Patients.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We compared postoperative complications in elderly patients discharged on POD#0 versus POD#1 after prolapse repair. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement database. A total of 20,984 women 65 years and older who underwent prolapse repair between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, readmission, reoperation, and 30-day postoperative complications were compared in patients discharged on POD#0 versus POD#1. A sensitivity analysis was completed to examine outcomes in patients who underwent an apical prolapse repair. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate for potential confounders. RESULTS: Age, race, ethnicity, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, prolapse repair type, and operative time were significantly different in patients discharged on POD#0 vs POD#1 (all p < 0.01). Patients discharged on POD#0 had significantly fewer postoperative complications (2.63% vs 3.44%) and readmissions (1.56% vs 2.18%, all p < 0.01). On multivariate regression modeling, postoperative discharge day was independently associated with complications, but not with readmissions or reoperation after. Patients who underwent an apical prolapse repair and were discharged on POD#0 had significantly more postoperative complications (3.5% vs 2.5%, p = 0.02) and readmissions (2.42% vs 10.08%, p < 0.01) than those discharged on POD#1. In this group, multivariate regression modeling demonstrated that postoperative discharge day was independently associated with any postoperative complication. CONCLUSIONS: For elderly women undergoing prolapse repair, the type of surgery should be considered when determining postoperative admission versus same-day discharge. Admission overnight does not seem to benefit women undergoing vaginal repairs but may decrease overall morbidity and risk of readmission in women undergoing an apical prolapse repair.

Elective Joint Replacement Among Medicaid Beneficiaries: Utilization and Postoperative Adverse Events by Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Hip and knee replacement have been marked by racial and ethnic disparities in both utilization and postoperative adverse events among Medicare beneficiaries, but limited knowledge exists regarding racial and ethnic differences in joint replacement care among Medicaid beneficiaries. To close this gap, this study used Medicaid claims in 2018 and described racial and ethnic differences in the utilization and postoperative adverse events of elective joint replacements among Medicaid beneficiaries. Among the 2,260,272 Medicaid beneficiaries, 5987 had an elective joint replacement in 2018. Asian (0.05%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03%-0.07%) and Hispanic beneficiaries (0.12%, 95% CI: 0.07%-0.18%) received joint replacements less frequently than American Indian and Alaska Native (0.41%, 95% CI: 0.27%-0.55%), Black (0.33%, 95% CI: 0.19%-0.48%), and White (0.37%, 95% CI: 0.25%-0.50%) beneficiaries. Black patients demonstrated the highest probability of 90-day emergency department visits (34.8%, 95% CI: 32.7%-37.0%) among all racial and ethnic groups and a higher probability of 90-day readmission (8.0%, 95% CI: 6.9%-9.0%) than Asian (3.4%, 95% CI: 0.7%-6.0%) and Hispanic patients (4.4%, 95% CI: 3.4%-5.3%). These findings indicate evident disparities in postoperative adverse events across racial and ethnic groups, with Black patients demonstrating the highest probability of 90-day emergency department visits. This study represents an initial exploration of the racial and ethnic differences in joint replacement care among Medicaid beneficiaries and lay the groundwork for further investigation into contributing factors of the observed disparities.

Impact of Changes in Rectus Femoris Cross-Sectional Area Measured by Ultrasound on the Prognosis of Patients With Acute Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: Low muscle mass in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with poor prognosis; however, this is based on a single baseline measurement, with little information on changes in muscle mass during hospitalization and their clinical implications. This study investigated the relationship between changes in rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA) on ultrasound and the prognosis of patients with AHF.Methods and Results: This is a retrospective evaluation of 284 AHF patients (mean [±SD] age 79.1±11.9 years; 116 female). RFCSA assessments at admission (pre-RFCSA), ∆RFCSA (i.e., the percentage change in RFCSA from admission to 2 weeks), and composite prognosis (all-cause death and heart failure-related readmission) within 1 year were determined. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their median pre-RFCSA and ∆RFCSA after sex stratification: Group A, higher pre-RFCSA/better ∆RFCSA; Group B, higher pre-RFCSA/worse ∆RFCSA; Group C, lower pre-RFCSA/better ∆RFCSA; Group D, lower pre-RFCSA/worse ∆RFCSA. In the Cox regression analysis, with Group A as the reference, the cumulative event rate of Group C (hazard ratio [HR] 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-16.09; P=0.124) did not differ significantly; however, the cumulative event rates of Group B (HR 7.93; 95% CI 1.99-31.60; P=0.003) and Group D (HR 9.24; 95% CI 2.57-33.26; P<0.001) were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: ∆RFCSA during hospitalization is useful for risk assessment of prognosis in patients with AHF.

Readmission after thoracic endovascular aortic repair following blunt thoracic aortic injury.

PURPOSE: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is increasingly utilized to treat blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI), but post-discharge outcomes remain underexplored. We examined 90-day readmission in patients treated with TEVAR following BTAI. METHODS: Adult patients discharged alive after TEVAR for BTAI in the Nationwide Readmissions Database between 2016 and 2019 were included. Outcomes examined were 90-day non-elective readmission, primary readmission reasons, and 90-day mortality. As a complementary analysis, 90-day outcomes following TEVAR for BTAI were compared with those following TEVAR for acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD). RESULTS: We identified 2085 patients who underwent TEVAR for BTAI. The median age was 43 years (IQR, 29-58), 65% of all patients had an ISS ≥ 25, and 13% were readmitted within 90 days. The main primary causes for readmission were sepsis (8.8%), wound complications (6.7%), and neurological complications (6.5%). Two patients developed graft thrombosis as primary readmission reasons. Compared with acute TBAD patients, BTAI patients had a significantly lower rate of readmission within 90 days (BTAI vs. TBAD; 13% vs. 29%; p < .001). CONCLUSION: We found a significant proportion of readmission in patients treated with TEVAR for BTAI. However, the 90-day readmission rate after TEVAR for BTAI was significantly lower compared with acute TBAD, and the common cause for readmission was not related to residual aortic disease or vascular devices. This represents an important distinction from other patient populations treated with TEVAR for acute vascular conditions. Elucidating differences between trauma-related TEVAR readmissions and non-traumatic indications better informs both the clinician and patients of expected post-discharge course. Level of evidence/study type: IV, Therapeutic/care management.

Improving outcomes in emergency general surgery: Construct of a collaborative quality initiative.

BACKGROUND: Emergency general surgery conditions are common, costly, and highly morbid. The proportion of excess morbidity due to variation in health systems and processes of care is poorly understood. We constructed a collaborative quality initiative for emergency general surgery to investigate the emergency general surgery care provided and guide process improvements. METHODS: We collected data at 10 hospitals from July 2019 to December 2022. Five cohorts were defined: acute appendicitis, acute gallbladder disease, small bowel obstruction, emergency laparotomy, and overall aggregate. Processes and inpatient outcomes investigated included operative versus nonoperative management, mortality, morbidity (mortality and/or complication), readmissions, and length of stay. Multivariable risk adjustment accounted for variations in demographic, comorbid, anatomic, and disease traits. RESULTS: Of the 19,956 emergency general surgery patients, 56.8% were female and 82.8% were White, and the mean (SD) age was 53.3 (20.8) years. After accounting for patient and disease factors, the adjusted aggregate mortality rate was 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-3.7), morbidity rate was 27.6% (95% CI, 27.0-28.3), and the readmission rate was 15.1% (95% CI, 14.6-15.6). Operative management varied between hospitals from 70.9% to 96.9% for acute appendicitis and 19.8% to 79.4% for small bowel obstruction. Significant differences in outcomes between hospitals were observed with high- and low-outlier performers identified after risk adjustment in the overall cohort for mortality, morbidity, and readmissions. The use of a Gastrografin challenge in patients with a small bowel obstruction ranged from 10.7% to 61.4% of patients. In patients who underwent initial nonoperative management of acute cholecystitis, 51.5% had a cholecystostomy tube placed. The cholecystostomy tube placement rate ranged from 23.5% to 62.1% across hospitals. CONCLUSION: A multihospital emergency general surgery collaborative reveals high morbidity with substantial variability in processes and outcomes among hospitals. A targeted collaborative quality improvement effort can identify outliers in emergency general surgery care and may provide a mechanism to optimize outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.

Association Between Coronary Artery Disease Testing in Patients with New-Onset Heart Failure and Heart Failure Readmission and Mortality.

BACKGROUND: In patients with new-onset heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD) testing remains underutilized. Whether widespread CAD testing in patients with new-onset HF leads to improved outcomes remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine whether CAD testing, and its timing, among patients hospitalized with new-onset HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), is associated with improved outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Adult (≥ 18 years) non-pregnant patients with new-onset HFrEF hospitalized within one of 15 Kaiser Permanente Southern California medical centers between 2016 and 2021. Key exclusion criteria included history of heart transplant, hospice, and a do-not-resuscitate order. MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcome was a composite of HF readmission or all-cause mortality through end of follow-up on 12/31/2022. KEY RESULTS: Among 2729 patients hospitalized with new-onset HFrEF, 1487 (54.5%) received CAD testing. The median age was 66 (56-76) years old, 1722 (63.1%) were male, and 1074 (39.4%) were White. After a median of 1.8 (0.6-3.4) years, the testing group had a reduced risk of HF readmission or all-cause mortality (aHR [95%CI], 0.71 [0.63-0.79]). These results were consistent across subgroups by history of atrial fibrillation, diabetes, renal disease, myocardial infarction, and elevated troponin during hospitalization. In a secondary analysis where CAD testing was further divided to early (received testing before discharge) and late testing (up to 90 days after discharge), there was no difference in late vs early testing (0.97 [0.81-1.16]). CONCLUSIONS: In a contemporary and diverse cohort of patients hospitalized with new-onset HFrEF, CAD testing within 90 days of hospitalization was associated with a lower risk of HF readmission or all-cause mortality. Testing within 90 days after discharge was not associated with worse outcomes.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with mixed angina and pure vasospastic angina.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated differences in clinical outcomes between mixed angina (MA) and pure vasospastic angina (PVA). METHODS: A total of 524 vasospastic angina patients who did or did not have >50% coronary artery stenosis from January 2005 to January 2021 were divided into two groups (Group 1: PVA, N  = 399; Group 2: MA, N  = 125) and then three groups [Group 1: PVA, N  = 399; Group 2: MA without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), N  = 67; Group 3: MA with PCI, N  = 58] for assessment. We recorded the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE: the composite of death, myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or rehospitalization) during 3-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Compared to the PVA group, there were significant differences in MACCE (20.8% vs. 11.8%, P  = 0.011) and rehospitalization (20.0% vs. 9.8%, P  = 0.002) in the MA group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in the MA with PCI group had the highest cumulative incidence rate of MACCE during the 3-year follow-up (log-rank P  < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with the PVA patients, MA patients had significantly worse clinical outcomes during long-term follow-up.

Measuring Equity in Readmission as a Distinct Assessment of Hospital Performance.

Importance: Equity is an essential domain of health care quality. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) developed 2 Disparity Methods that together assess equity in clinical outcomes. Objectives: To define a measure of equitable readmissions; identify hospitals with equitable readmissions by insurance (dual eligible vs non-dual eligible) or patient race (Black vs White); and compare hospitals with and without equitable readmissions by hospital characteristics and performance on accountability measures (quality, cost, and value). Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study of US hospitals eligible for the CMS Hospital-Wide Readmission measure using Medicare data from July 2018 through June 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: We created a definition of equitable readmissions using CMS Disparity Methods, which evaluate hospitals on 2 methods: outcomes for populations at risk for disparities (across-hospital method); and disparities in care within hospitals' patient populations (within-a-single-hospital method). Exposures: Hospital patient demographics; hospital characteristics; and 3 measures of hospital performance-quality, cost, and value (quality relative to cost). Results: Of 4638 hospitals, 74% served a sufficient number of dual-eligible patients, and 42% served a sufficient number of Black patients to apply CMS Disparity Methods by insurance and race. Of eligible hospitals, 17% had equitable readmission rates by insurance and 30% by race. Hospitals with equitable readmissions by insurance or race cared for a lower percentage of Black patients (insurance, 1.9% [IQR, 0.2%-8.8%] vs 3.3% [IQR, 0.7%-10.8%], P < .01; race, 7.6% [IQR, 3.2%-16.6%] vs 9.3% [IQR, 4.0%-19.0%], P = .01), and differed from nonequitable hospitals in multiple domains (teaching status, geography, size; P < .01). In examining equity by insurance, hospitals with low costs were more likely to have equitable readmissions (odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.38-1.77), and there was no relationship between quality and value, and equity. In examining equity by race, hospitals with high overall quality were more likely to have equitable readmissions (odds ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.03-1.26]), and there was no relationship between cost and value, and equity. Conclusion and Relevance: A minority of hospitals achieved equitable readmissions. Notably, hospitals with equitable readmissions were characteristically different from those without. For example, hospitals with equitable readmissions served fewer Black patients, reinforcing the role of structural racism in hospital-level inequities. Implementation of an equitable readmission measure must consider unequal distribution of at-risk patients among hospitals.

Analysis and prediction of readmissions for heart failure in the first year after discharge with INCA score.

To determine the readmissions trends and the comorbidities of patients with heart failure that most influence hospital readmission rates. Heart failure (HF) is one of the most prevalent health problems as it causes loss of quality of life and increased health-care costs. Its prevalence increases with age and is a major cause of re-hospitalisation within 30 days after discharge. INCA study had observational and ambispective design, including 4,959 patients from 2000 to 2019, with main diagnosis of HF in Extremadura (Spain). The variables examined were collected from discharge reports. To develop the readmission index, capable of discriminating the population with higher probability of re-hospitalisation, a Competing-risk model was generated. Readmission rate have increased over the period under investigation. The main predictors of readmission were: age, diabetes mellitus, presence of neoplasia, HF without previous hospitalisation, atrial fibrillation, anaemia, previous myocardial infarction, obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These variables were assigned values with balanced weights, our INCA index showed that the population with values greater than 2 for men and women were more likely to be re-admitted. Previous HF without hospital admission, CKD, and COPD appear to have the greatest effect on readmission. Our index allowed us to identify patients with different risks of readmission.

Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection vs Coronary Artery Disease.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction. Revascularization in SCAD remains very challenging and therefore is not recommended as the initial management strategy in stable SCAD without high-risk features. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission rates between patients with SCAD with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and patients with STEMI without SCAD undergoing PPCI. METHODS: This study was conducted using the administrative minimum dataset of the Spanish National Health System (2016-2020). Risk-standardized in-hospital mortality ratios and readmission ratios were calculated, and results were adjusted using propensity score (PS) analyses. RESULTS: A total of 65,957 episodes of PPCI were identified after exclusions. The crude in-hospital mortality rate was 4.8%. Of these, 315 (0.5%) were SCAD PPCI and 65,642 were non-SCAD PPCI. SCAD PPCI patients were younger and more frequently women than non-SCAD PPCI patients. Crude mortality (5.7% vs 4.8%), risk-standardized in-hospital mortality ratio (5.3% vs 5.3%), and PS-adjusted (315 pairs) mortality (5.7% vs 5.7%) were similar in SCAD PPCI and non-SCAD PPCI patients. In addition, crude (3% vs 3.3%) and PS-adjusted (297 pairs) 30-day readmission rates (3% vs 4%) were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PPCI, when indicated in patients with STEMI and SCAD, has similar in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission rates compared with PPCI for atherothrombotic STEMI. These findings support the value of PPCI in selected patients with SCAD.

Geriatric assessment may prevent readmission in frail medical inpatients.

INTRODUCTION: Frailty is common in older adults. Many approaches exist to care of hospitalised older medical inpatients. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe frailty occurrence and 2) explore associations between frailty, type of care, 30-day readmission and 90-day mortality. METHODS: In a cohort of 75+-year-old medical inpatients with daily homecare or moderate comorbidity, frailty was graded as moderate or severe using the record-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index. The emergency department (ED), internal medicine (IM) and geriatric medicine (GM) were compared. Estimates of relative risk (RR) and hazard ratios were calculated in binary regression and Cox regression models. RESULTS: Analyses included 522 patients (61%) with moderate frailty and 333 (39%) with severe frailty. A total of 54% were females, and the median age was 84 years (interquartile range: 79-89). In GM, the distribution of frailty grade differed significantly from that of the ED (p less-than 0.001) and IM (p less-than 0.001). GM had the highest occurrence of severely frail patients and the lowest readmission rate. Compared with GM, the adjusted RR for readmission in ED was 1.58 (1.04-2.41), p = 0.032; and in IM: 1.42 (0.97-2.07), p = 0.069. Between the three specialities, no differences were seen in 90-day mortality hazard. CONCLUSION: In a regional hospital, frail older patients were discharged from all medical specialities. Admission to geriatric medicine was associated with a lower readmission risk and no increase in mortality. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment may explain the observed differences in readmission risk. FUNDING: None. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not relevant.

Decision and economic analysis of hostile abortion laws compared with supportive abortion laws.

BACKGROUND: On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization. Therefore, several states banned abortion, and other states are considering more hostile abortion laws. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in the hypothetical cohort where all states have hostile abortion laws compared with the pre-Dobbs v Jackson cohort (supportive abortion laws cohort) and examine the cost-effectiveness of these policies. STUDY DESIGN: This study developed a decision and economic analysis model comparing the hostile abortion laws cohort with the supportive abortion laws cohort in a sample of 5.3 million pregnancies. Cost (inflated to 2022 US dollars) estimates were from a healthcare provider's perspective, including immediate and long-term costs. The time horizon was set to a lifetime. Probabilities, costs, and utilities were derived from the literature. The cost-effectiveness threshold was set to be at $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses using the Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 simulations were performed to assess the robustness of our results. The primary outcomes included maternal mortality and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The secondary outcomes included hysterectomy, cesarean delivery, hospital readmission, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal mortality, profound neurodevelopmental disability, and incremental cost and effectiveness. RESULTS: In the base case analysis, the hostile abortion laws cohort had 12,911 more maternal mortalities, 7518 more hysterectomies, 234,376 more cesarean deliveries, 102,712 more hospital readmissions, 83,911 more neonatal intensive care unit admissions, 3311 more neonatal mortalities, and 904 more cases of profound neurodevelopmental disability than the supportive abortion laws cohort. The hostile abortion laws cohort was associated with more cost ($109.8 billion [hostile abortion laws cohort] vs $75.6 billion [supportive abortion laws cohort]) and 120,749,900 fewer quality-adjusted life years with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of negative $140,687.60 than the supportive abortion laws cohort. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses suggested that the chance of the supportive abortion laws cohort being the preferred strategy was more than 95%. CONCLUSION: When states consider enacting hostile abortion laws, legislators should consider an increase in the incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Association Between Caregiver Burden and Patient Recovery After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Insights From Sustaining Quality of Life of the Aged: Heart Transplant or Mechanical Support.

INTRODUCTION: After left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, caregivers may experience increasing burden because of new roles and responsibilities. We examined the association between caregiver burden at baseline and patient recovery after long-term LVAD implantation in patients ineligible for heart transplantation. METHODS: Between October 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, data from 60 patients with a long-term LVAD (age, 60-80 years) and caregivers through 1 postoperative year were analyzed. Caregiver burden was measured using the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale, a validated instrument used for measuring caregiver burden. Patient recovery post-LVAD implantation was defined by change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 (KCCQ-12) overall summary score and rehospitalizations over 1 year. Multivariable regression models (least-squares for change in KCCQ-12 and Fine-Gray cumulative incidence for rehospitalizations) were used to assess for association with caregiver burden. RESULTS: Patients were 69.4 ± 5.5 years old, 85% men, and 90% White. Over the first year post-LVAD implantation, there was a 32% cumulative probability of rehospitalization; 72% (43/60) of patients had an improvement of ≥5 points in KCCQ-12 scores. Caregivers were 61.2 ± 11.5 years old, 93% women, 81% White, and 85% married. Median Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale Difficulty and Time scores at baseline were 1.13 and 2.27, respectively. Higher caregiver burden was not significantly associated with hospitalizations or change in patient health-related quality of life during the first year post-LVAD implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Higher caregiver burden at baseline was not associated with patient recovery in the first year after LVAD implantation. Understanding the associations between caregiver burden and patient outcomes after LVAD implantation is important as excessive caregiver burden is a relative contraindication for LVAD implantation.

Risk factors for ninety-day readmissions following full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy for 1542 patients in the biggest spine institutes in Korea.

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic techniques are becoming popular among spine surgeons because of their advantages. Though the advantages of endoscopic spine surgery are evident and patients can be discharged home within hours of surgery, readmissions can be sought for incomplete relief of leg pain, recurrent disc herniation, and recurrent leg pain. We aim to find out the factors related to the readmission of patients treated for lumbar pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of the data between the time duration of 2012 and 2022. Patients in the age group of 18-85 years, with lumbar disc herniation treated by transforaminal endoscopic lumbar procedures, were included. The patients who were readmitted within 90 days were included in the R Group and those who were not were included in the NR group. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to find the risk factors for 90-day readmission. RESULTS: There were a total of 1542 patients enrolled in this study. Sex, number of episodes before admission, hypertension, smoking, BMI, migration, disc height, disc height index, spondylolisthesis, instability, pelvic tilt (PT), and disc cross-sectional area (CSA) were found significant on univariable analysis. Age, spondylolisthesis, instability and muscle CSA were the only variables that were found to be statistically significant on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the elderly age group, presence of spondylolisthesis, segmental instability and decreased muscle cross-sectional area are independent risk factors for 90-day hospital readmissions. Patients having the above risk factors should be carefully counseled regarding the possibility of readmission in the future.

Differences in Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction for Low- and High-Income Patients in 6 Countries.

Importance: Differences in the organization and financing of health systems may produce more or less equitable outcomes for advantaged vs disadvantaged populations. We compared treatments and outcomes of older high- and low-income patients across 6 countries. Objective: To determine whether treatment patterns and outcomes for patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction differ for low- vs high-income individuals across 6 countries. Design, Setting, and Participants: Serial cross-sectional cohort study of all adults aged 66 years or older hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction from 2013 through 2018 in the US, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and Israel using population-representative administrative data. Exposures: Being in the top and bottom quintile of income within and across countries. Main Outcomes and Measures: Thirty-day and 1-year mortality; secondary outcomes included rates of cardiac catheterization and revascularization, length of stay, and readmission rates. Results: We studied 289 376 patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 843 046 hospitalized with non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Adjusted 30-day mortality generally was 1 to 3 percentage points lower for high-income patients. For instance, 30-day mortality among patients admitted with STEMI in the Netherlands was 10.2% for those with high income vs 13.1% for those with low income (difference, -2.8 percentage points [95% CI, -4.1 to -1.5]). One-year mortality differences for STEMI were even larger than 30-day mortality, with the highest difference in Israel (16.2% vs 25.3%; difference, -9.1 percentage points [95% CI, -16.7 to -1.6]). In all countries, rates of cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention were higher among high- vs low-income populations, with absolute differences ranging from 1 to 6 percentage points (eg, 73.6% vs 67.4%; difference, 6.1 percentage points [95% CI, 1.2 to 11.0] for percutaneous intervention in England for STEMI). Rates of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for patients with STEMI in low- vs high-income strata were similar but for NSTEMI were generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher among high-income patients (eg, 12.5% vs 11.0% in the US; difference, 1.5 percentage points [95% CI, 1.3 to 1.8 ]). Thirty-day readmission rates generally also were 1 to 3 percentage points lower and hospital length of stay generally was 0.2 to 0.5 days shorter for high-income patients. Conclusions and Relevance: High-income individuals had substantially better survival and were more likely to receive lifesaving revascularization and had shorter hospital lengths of stay and fewer readmissions across almost all countries. Our results suggest that income-based disparities were present even in countries with universal health insurance and robust social safety net systems.